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Chloroform is the most efficient solvent for the extraction of THC from cannabis. A single extraction will remove 98-99% of the cannabinoids within 30 minutes. A second extraction removes only 88-99% of the cannabinoids within 30 minutes. A second extraction removes 100% of the THC. Light petroleum ether (60-80°) also works well, but a single extraction removes only 88-95% of the cannabinoids; a double extraction removes up to 99%. Ethanol also can be used, but it removes ballast pigments and sugars which complicate the purification of the resin (11, 12)
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In an application for a patent awarded in 2003, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services deemed non-psychoactive cannabinoids “particularly advantageous to use” as antioxidants and neuroprotectants because they can be administered in high doses without risk of toxicity.
Studies have shown THC is “overwhelmingly anticonvulsant” in animals, said Dr. Ben Whalley, a researcher at Britain’s University of Reading, but CBD and some other non-psychoactive cannabinoids have shown similar effects without the mind-altering downside.
In a human trial during the 1970s, researchers found that four of the eight subjects who received large doses of CBD remained almost free of epileptic seizures, while three others improved. More recently, Whalley and his colleagues published results of an animal study that strongly supported CBD “as a therapeutic candidate for a diverse range of human epilepsies.”
The long-term effect on children is unknown, but studies show CBD is well tolerated by adults and animals, Whalley said. As for side effects, he said, “I would be very surprised to find it to be any worse than either Depakote or clobazam” — the anticonvulsants Jayden still takes.
When David consulted his doctor about the possibility of treating Jayden with medical marijuana, he was told: “If I were you, I would try anything.”
Since meeting Jayden, he has spent thousands of dollars of his own money formulating and testing various concoctions. His method involves using ethanol to extract the CBD from high-content leaves or flowers, with ethanol, then evaporating it and reinfusing the substance with glycerin and creamed honey. The optimal ratio of THC to CBD for Jayden, his father said, appears to be about 1 to 19.
- http://beyondchronic.com/2010/12/old-hi ... marijuana/And that brings us to the third way of increasing your CBD intake. If you have a vaporizer with a digital temperature readout, you can actually decide to “boil off” the THC and leave the CBD alone¹. THC will begin to boil and vaporize at only 150° to 157°C (302° to 315°F), while CBD waits until somewhere around 160° to 188°C (depending on who you believe), which corresponds to 320° to 370°F. So if you set your vaporizer to 160°C/320°F, your THC will be vaporizing…you can inhale it or wait for it to dissipate. After the cannabis changes color to brown, you can crank up the temperature setting above 188°C/370°F and now inhale the CBD, with far less of a “high”. You’re essENTially now performing fractional distillation…it’s the same way they make fine brandy…and gasoline!
This is great in theory, but in practice it will not be effective with most strains, because virtually all cannabis available, even in dispensaries, has 1% CBD or less (usually a lot less). So, unless you’re experimenting with a high CBD strain, you’ll just end up burning off a lot of THC and end up with nothing much at the end, unless you use a larger amount of cannabis than usually necessary
“Scientists affiiliated with Halent have developed a chromagraphic method that separates THC from CBD while leaving about half of the associated entourage intact with the CBD- containing component,” deCesare claims. The method allows for a CBD:THC ratio of between 30:1 and 1,000:1 —even starting from Harlequin, which typically produces a 5:2 ratio.
“The process involves decarboxylating finely pulverized cannabis flowers from a CBD rich strain, like Harlequin. The material is extracted in 95% ethanol and then boiled down to concentrate the mixture about 20:1 for separation. A column containing sorbent resin is conditioned with dilute ethanol and the concentrated essential oils are added, followed by separation with more concentrated ethanol, and frac- tions are collected. The first few fractions contain little of anything, with CBD (along with part of the minor cannabinoids) being collected in the middle fractions and THC coming out near the end. Fractions with desirable ratios are then recombined, boiled down again to remove most of the ethanol and water, quantitated and then finally rediluted to an appropriate dosage and volume. Since this was being done for young children, a target range for CBD of 50mg to 100mg per milliter of ethanol (and very low total delivery of alcohol).
“When properly constructed, the column yields a 10-to-20 fold improvement in the ratio of CBD to THC, with each pass. For Cannatonic C-6, only one pass is necessary to achieve at least a 150:1 ratio. With Har- lequin, two passes were required to achieve a >100:1 ratio.
“The added advantage in fractional col- lecting,” deCesare points out, “is the abili- ty to selectively remix to the ratios desired, the inclusion of other meaningful cannabi- noids like CBG, CBC and CBN, and the stability of the terpenoids concentrated in ethanol, for longterm storage.”
The separation method has not been em- ployed on large batches —runs have in- volved less than five grams, done pro bono for desperate parents.
“Scaled-up technology is being devel- oped by a couple of manufacturers to pro- duce larger amounts and serve more cus- tomers,” deCesare said as this issue went to press in February 2013.
According to a well-known NorCal expert named Baker Buck, the leaves of a plant have more CBD than the buds. I’ve made tinctures and capsules with leaves alone, but also from stems, branches, and even roots. These tend to give a much stronger body effect than is typical from random strains.
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