Partypipo schreef: En aangezien het onethisch om zulke dingen op kinderen te testen zal er nooit wetenschappelijk bewijs voor het ene of het andere komen. Daarom wordt drugs gebruik bij mensen waarvan de hersenen nog niet uitgegroeid zijn afgeraden.
Over adolescenten en gebruik van psychedelica (in dit geval nn DMT) bestaat er een klein maar significant wetenschappelijk onderzoek.
In Brazilië kent men o.a. de 'União do Vegetal Church' en vanuit deze religieuze setting dient men haar leden een heilig sacrement (Ayahuasca) toe.
Omdat de geloofgemeenschap bestaat uit oud en jong, arm en rijk kan men onderzoek doen naar o.a. de effecten op diverse doelgroepen waaronder ook de jongeren.
Hoewel het onderzoek kleinschalig is en vanuit een religieuze setting haar oorsprong vind is het raadzaam om er geen al te grote conclusies uit te trekken.
Nochthans zijn de bevindingen opmerkelijk.
Hieronder cut en paste ik even de inleiding en de conclusie in ongewijzigde vorm uit dat onderzoek.
Ayahuasca in Adolescence:
Qualitative Results
Marlene Dobkin de Rios, Ph.D.; Charles S. Grob, M.D.; Enrique Lopez, Psy.D.;
Dartiu Xavier da Silviera, M.D., Ph.D.; Luisa K. Alonso, Ph.D.
& Evelyn Doering-Silveira, M.Sc.
Abstract
—Qualitative research was conducted in Brazil among 28 ayahuasca-consuming adolescents members of the União do Vegetal Church, and 28 adolescents who never used ayahuasca. They were compared on a number of qualitative variables, including vignettes measuring moral and ethical concerns. Psychocultural studies utilizing co-occurences of variables in the realm of qualitative studies are useful in understanding and complementing quantitative studies also conducted among this
population. Qualitative data show that the teens in the União do Vegetal religion appear to be healthy, thoughtful, considerate and bonded to their families and religious peers. This study examines the modern use of a powerful hallucinogenic compound within a legal religious context, and the youth
who participated in these ayahuasca religious ceremonies (usually with parents and other family members) appeared not to differ from their nonayahuasca-using peers. This study helps to elucidate the full range of effects of plant hallucinogenic use within a socially-sanctioned, elder-facilitated and structured religious context.
CONCLUSION
Overall, there appear to be few if any differences in responses between the UDV teens and the controls. How-ever, the UDV group seems to be more responsible,
respectful, and concerned about the welfare of others. They also tend to be less confrontational. There also appears to be a better quality of home life among the UDV teens when compared to their counterparts. The UDV teens tended to have closer relationships with their fathers when compared to controls. They also exhibit greater optimism than controls. They do not differ significantly with regard to virginity or drug use (other than ayahuasca used sacramentally).
We might expect that given the destructive consequences of youthful drug use in contemporary society, that the UDV teens would lag far behind their peers in a num-
ber of different dimensions of sociability, honesty,studiousness, etc. In fact, it would be easy to assume at the outset of such a study as this that the UDV teens and the controls would differ in some significant fashion. In this sense, the qualitative data is quite revealing in that the teens appear to be healthy, thoughtful, considerate, and bonded to their families and religious peers.
---------
En dan is er nog een andere study die heeft gekeken naar de lange termijn effecten van ayahuasca. Ik zal hieronder een deel plakken waarin men ingaat op adolescenten.
An overview of the literature on the pharmacology and neuropsychiatric
long term effects of ayahuasca
José Carlos Bouso and Jordi Riba
Human Experimental Neuropsychopharmacology and Centre d’Investigació de Medicaments
(CIM-Sant Pau), Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
...Finally, two papers have been published regarding the long term
psychopathological and neuropsychological effects of regular ayahuasca in
adolescents. Each study involved 40 adolescents with a two-year history of
ayahuasca use, and a comparison group of 40 matched non-users. No
statistical differences were found in psychopathology scores[19] or in
measures of neuropsychological function[20]. In sum, while no deletereous
effects have been demonstrated, due to the small number of studies
conducted on regular ayahuasca users the potential impact of sustained
ayahuasca use on mental health remains an open question.
-----------
Het lijkt er dus op dat nn DMT ook op langere termijn geen schade geeft bij adolescenten.
Bij paddo's en truffels gaat het om de psychoactive stof 4-HO-DMT of psilocine.
Gedegen onderzoeken naar de effecten op adolescenten heb ik niet voor handen maar we weten wel iets over de toxicologie van het goedje:
The toxicity of psilocybin is low.
The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances assigns psilocybin a relatively high therapeutic index of 641 (higher values correspond to a better safety profile); for comparison, the therapeutic indices of aspirin and nicotine are 199 and 21.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psilocybin ... _potential