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kotaku schreef:Lijkt me vrij duidelijk, hoop toch dat er wel onderzoek naar gedaan gaat worden.
http://www.mindandmuscle.net/?q=article ... page=0%2C1The information on serotonergic and adrenergic transmission is even less conclusive. 20 mg/kg decreased brain 5-HT levels, while 100 mg/kg has been reported to increase total brain 5-HT but decrease 5-HT in the striatum [12-13]. 600 mg/kg increased serotonin levels and turnover in the cortex, but decreased both in the striatum, brain stem and hypothalamus [14]. Doses of 20 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg were reported to increase norepinephrine levels, while 100 mg/kg caused a decrease [1, 12, 14].
This all goes to show that piracetam produces widely differential effects on the levels and turnover of monoamines in the brain, which are probably very condition-specific. Other studies indicate that piracetam decreases serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine brain concentrations in rats, or increases levels of all three [1, 9]. Piracetam yields differential effects on MAO as well, with studies finding either net inhibition or net stimulation [1, 10]. All of this taken together seems to indicate that any effect on monoamines probably occurs far downstream of the original effect, and this would be in line with the observation that no direct effect on dopaminergic, serotenergic, or adrenergic transmission has been found [11].
http://nootropics.nl/piracetamWaarschuwingen: Zoals aangegeven kan Piracetam de effecten van bepaalde geneesmiddelen (zoals amfetaminen, psychotropen, en hydergine) maar ook geestverruimende middelen als alcohol, ecstacy (MDMA) versterken. Bijwerkingen, die echter zelden voorkomen, zijn o.a. slapeloosheid, psychomotorische rusteloosheid, misselijkheid, spijsverteringsstoornissen en hoofdpijn. Voor zover bekend heeft piracetam zo goed geen toxiciteit of contra-indicaties.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piracetam#Side_effectsPiracetam has been found to have very few side effects, and those it has are typically "few, mild, and transient."[51] A large-scale, 12-week trial of high-dose piracetam found no adverse effects occurred in the group taking piracetam as compared to the placebo group.[52] Many other studies have likewise found piracetam to be well-tolerated.[8][51][53]
Symptoms of general excitability, including anxiety, insomnia, irritability, headache, agitation, nervousness, and tremor, are occasionally reported.[54][55] Headache from large doses of piracetam may be alleviated by coadministration of an acetylcholine biosynthetic precursor, or a drug with cholinergic effects, such as choline bitartrate, choline citrate, choline alfoscerate, lecithin, cyprodenate or centrophenoxine.[54][55]
http://www.ceri.com/noot.htm - Boek: "Smart Drugs & Nutrients: How to Improve Your Memory and Increase Your Intelligence Using the Latest Discoveries in Neuroscience" M.D. Ward Dean (Author), John Morgenthaler (Author)Precautions: Piracetam may increase the effects of certain drugs, such as amphetamines, psychotropics, and Hydergine, as stated. Adverse effects are rare but include insomnia, psychomotor agitation, nausea, gastrointestinal distress, and headaches. Piracetam has virtually no known toxicity or contraindications.