Hersenen beschadigt het niet
neusslijmvlies is te voorkomen door er neusspray van te maken of het te bommen
Lµs. D schreef:Hersenen beschadigt het niet, en neusslijmvlies is te voorkomen door er neusspray van te maken of het te bommen
Lµs. D schreef:Hersenen beschadigt het niet, en neusslijmvlies is te voorkomen door er neusspray van te maken of het te bommen
endymion schreef:Volgens mij valt het wel mee hoor met die blaas problemen. Hoe kom je er bij dat dat permanente schade aan je blaas zou veroorzaken en hoe dan? Ik heb toch ook wel aardig wat keta op inmiddels en soms ook weken achter elkaar elke dag maar ik heb nergens last van. Als je alleen maar aan zulke dingen gaat denken en bij gaat houden hoe vaak je naar de wc gaat wordt het eerder een psychisch probleem.
Azgaza schreef:Google maar op ketamine + bladder; van enkele weken dagelijks gebeurt het nog niet, daarvoor moet je toch wel flink wat maanden zonder pauzes écht veel weg werken maar het kan zeker.
endymion schreef:Ik geloof er niet zo in en na een beetje googlen vind ik ook niks representatiefs.
Recreational ketamine: from pleasure to pain. (2011)What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add?
There is a very limited literature on the syndrome described in this review. The largest series comes from Hong Kong and includes 59 patients – this was largely a description of the presenting problems and established the link between these symptoms and ketamine. Prior to this much smaller case series (including one from the same group) were all that exists.
An increasing number of UK urologists are reporting seeing these patients and we have formed a collaboration interested in understanding the pathology and establishing an effective treatment pathway for these patients. This paper aims to consolidate this knowledge.
CAUSAL RELATIONSHIP
A reasonable question that has been raised in both written and verbal discussion is whether it is ketamine itself that causes the symptoms. It could be that other substances taken in conjunction with ketamine, either knowingly or as an adulterant, are responsible or that there is another unrecognized disease process. We have considered the possibility that another substance is responsible for the major bladder damage, but that the sensation is masked by the anaesthetic properties of the ketamine. Upon consideration, an adulterant effect seems highly unlikely for the following reasons:
1. As the use of adulterants would be expected to vary, ketamine appears to be the common factor. Although there is some variation in the detailed pattern of disease between different racial groups (e.g. emphasis on upper tract manifestations in Asia [7]), there is consistency in the use of ketamine and the development of symptoms.
2. The low cost of ketamine mitigates against the need for, or regular use of adulterants.
3. An animal model suggests a causal link [9].
4. There are case reports in adult and paediatric patients using therapeutic ketamine [13,14].
5. There is both a dose and time relationship [15].
On the basis of these considerations, we are convinced of the causal link between ketamine use and damage to the urinary tract; however, the possibility of a synergistic effect between either an adulterant or other substances taken in tandem (e.g. alcohol, tobacco or other drugs) does need to be considered.
Lower Urinary Tract Changes in Young Adults Using Ketamine (2011)Purpose: We identified the profile of lower urinary tract changes in ketamine users in the community. In addition, we identified the relative risks of dose, frequency of ingestion and duration of ketamine use for changes in lower urinary tract function.
Results: Use of ketamine more than 3 times weekly was significantly associated with lower voided volumes. Pelvic Pain, Urgency and Frequency questionnaire scores were significantly higher for ketamine use for more than 24 months compared to use for short durations (7.82 vs 6.00). The scores on the symptom and bother subscales of the Pelvic Pain, Urgency and Frequency questionnaire de- creased progressively with increased duration of abstinence. For individuals after 1 year of abstinence the Pelvic Pain, Urgency and Frequency questionnaire scores were significantly lower and voided volumes were higher than those for active users.
Conclusions: Ketamine users with at least a 2-year habit of 3 or more hits per week have altered bladder function that can be recognized and that causes bother. These early functional changes have the potential to normalize after 1 year of ketamine abstinence. This study provides a basis for the development of health promotion material that can be used in the community by welfare workers seeking to encourage drug cessation.
Method: Data were collected from 66 young adults socializing in community centers in the North East New Territories of Hong Kong between 9:00 pm and 1:00 am. On 6 occasions between July and September 2009 a mobile medical as- sessment service was established at the given centers and youth with a history of ketamine use were invited to participate in screening. All of the subjects were known to government social workers and introduced to the research initiative. At no time were disciplinary professionals in- volved. No incentives were offered to subjects and partic- ipation was entirely voluntary.
Chronic ketamine use kills bladder cells (2011)THERE is growing evidence that chronic use of the recreational drug ketamine is linked with severe bladder problems. The findings may also have implications for the drug's use as an antidepressant.
Used safely as a medical anaesthetic and analgesic for decades, ketamine has also risen in popularity as a recreational drug. The first case of severe bladder problems linked with ketamine use was documented in 2007, but little is known about the extent or cause of the problem.
Now a group of surgeons and scientists have raised the alarm in a review calling for more investigation (BJU International, DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2010.10031.x). They highlight effects such as incontinence and bladder shrinkage, as well as damage to the kidneys and ureter in people using ketamine frequently.
...
Previously, it was thought that bladder problems might have been down to substances combined with the drug for street sale. In an as-yet-unpublished study, Simon Baker and Jennifer Southgate at the University of York, UK, added ketamine to human urothelium cells, which line the bladder. With increasing doses, the cells rapidly became cytostatic - they stopped growing - and then died with further increases.
Ketamine realityDr Rachel Ayres, from the BDP, said urinary symptoms associated with ketamine use were becoming more widely known in the medical community as more people are abusing it:
"These problems are not due to contamination of ketamine, and they still develop even when you inject it rather than snort it. Some users think that damage is due to contaminated drugs but we think these problems are due to ketamine itself." Ayres emphasises that the users who had to have their bladders removed or stretched were at the severe end of the scale: "You have to be really bad to be referred to a urologist, and not everybody is."
Salientje schreef:Ketamine R/S 80 % is ook iets waar je trek ban krijgt.
Maar speciaal voor Endy en Lys ...
Ik ken een goedc afkick kliniek geheel keta vrij.
Jullie kunnen daar vrijwillig heen of ik breng jullie persoonlijk erheen.
Jullie keta neem ik in beslag.
Kus
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