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http://www.bluelight.ru/vb/threads/2663 ... EGA-ThreadAll bioavailabilies are relative to IV bioavailability (100% ). For those that do not know, the bioavailability of a substance is basically the percentage of the dose that gets absorbed. It changes drastically for each method of administration. A half-life is the amount of time it takes for your body to eliminate half of the substance that you took. There is a lot of conflicting data on the exact bioavailabilities of each substance so every thing thats listed here is the average.
OpiatesMethadone-oral 84%, halflife- 24-36 hours,
Ketobemiodone oral was 34% +/-10%, rectally 44% +/- 9%, half-life is 2.25- 2.45 hours
Meperidine rectal bioavailability is approximately 55%, 80% to 85% IM, elimination half-life 3.0 h
Buprenorphine highly protein bound 96%, sublingual bioavailability is approximately 30%, oral is 22%, 90-100% IM, elimination half-life is 12-44 hours
Hydromorphone-- 5-8 times as potent as morphine, intranasal- 52.4%, Rectal administration 33% ,Oral-30-35%,
Dihydrocodeine oral-20% halflife 4 hours
Heroin oral ~35% IV- 100% IM-85% Semisynthetic derivative
Fentanyl- Bioavailability 92% (transdermal), 50% (sublingual/ buccal (against cheek), Nasal 70%, Protein binding 80-85%, half-life 3-12 hours
Sufentanil intranasal bio- 78%,
Remifentanil Protein binding 70% (bound to plasma proteins) Half life 1-20 minutes
Alfentanil- IV ~100%, 92% protein binding, half life is 1.5-2 hours
Morphine ~30% oral, ~30% rectal (though pH dependent), insuffulated- 15-20%, Chitosan(a linear polysaccharide that helps absorb drugs better) has been shown to increase nasal bioavailability of morphine from around 10-20% to over 60%, SC-60%, protein binding 30-40%, half-life is 2-3 hours
Oxycodone-oral 60-87% intranasal- 55-70%
Hydrocodone- oral bioavailability is not really known but it is around oxycodone bioavailability, ~70% of it is usually absorbed, half-life is 4-8 hours
Oxymorphone nasal bioavailabilty [43%] orals low 10-20% Rectal ~10%
BUTORPHANOL -oral 5-17% due to high first pass metabolism
Tramadol- the absolute bioavailability of rectally admistered tramadol in the suppositories was 77.0%, Oral-68-72% (Increases with repeated dosing) Half life 5-7 hours
Codeine- following rectal or oral administration with a systemic availability of about 90%; in one study clearance varied 4-fold and systemic availability after oral dosage was between 50 and 84%
Diphenoxylate Protein binding 74-95% Half life 12-14 hours used for diarrhea, (does not appreciably cross the blood-brain barrier)
Pethidine(meperidine) Absorption Oral bioavailability is 50-60% in patients with normal hepatic function. Protein Binding 65-75%, Half Life 3-5 hours
Normeperidine is about half as potent as meperidine, but it has twice the CNS stimulation effects.
Pentazocine- Bioavailability ~20% orally, Half-life 2 to 3 hours
Opiate AntagonistsNaloxone oral- 2-4% (90% absorption but high first-pass metabolism), Half life 1-1.5 hours
Naltrexone Oral Bioavailability 5-40%, Protein binding 21%, Half life-4 hours (naltrexone),
and 13 hours (6-β-naltrexol) (metabolite)
BenzodiazepinesAlprazolam- 80-90% oral halflife 9-20 hours
Bromazepam- oral 84% half life 10-20 hours
Cinolazepam- Bioavailability 90-100%, Half life 9 hours
Clobazam-oral 90% 18 hour half life
Clorazepate-oral 91% halflife-36-100 hours
Chlordiazepoxide Oral bioavailability-100% IM-90-95% half-lives of its metabolites range from 14—100 hours
Clonazepam-oral 90% IM- 93%
Diazepam oral bioavailability:85-100%, Protein binding: 94% to 99%
Estazolam-oral 93% half life 10-24 hours
Lorazepam: 78% intranasal, 85-90% oral
Midazolam oral 36-40%, nasal 55%, IM 90%+,
Flurazepam-oral 83% halflife is 40-250 hours
Temazepam-oral 96% halflife is 8-20 hours
Quazepam- Bioavailability 29-35% Half life 39 hours
Other GABA acting drugs/ analogsGabapentin (Neurontin)- oral- lower doses absorb better- 60%for .9g daily to 27% for 4.8g daily dose, food increases absorbtion by 14%, Protein binding ~3% Half life 5-7 hours
Pregablin (Lyrica)- Bioavailability ≥90% Half life 5–6.5 hours
Vigabatrin- an anticonvulsant but not a receptor agonist, Bioavailability 80-90% Half life 5-8 hours in young adults, 12-13 hours in the elderly.
Buspirone An anxiolytic that doesnt work on gaba but doesnt really have a category of
its own, Bioavailability (approx. 5% ) due to high first pass metabolism, Half life 2-3h
StimulantsMethylphenidate 11–52% (Oral); rectal is significantly higher, Half life 2–4 hours
Cocaine hcl 30% oral; 40-60% Nasal Half life .8-4 hours (depending on MOA)
Methamphetamine 79% nasal; 90.3% smoked; 62.7% oral; 100% IV
Amphetamine Oral Bioavailability- 4L/kg; low binding to plasma proteins 20% Halflife 10–13 hours
Ephedrine Bioavailability 85% (oral), Half life 3–6 hours
Dextroamphetamine Oral 75%, half-life 10-28 hours
Bupropron (Wellbrutrin- Oral- 5-30%, half-life is 20 hours
Dissociatives/psychedelicsPCP- The plasma binding of is 65% orally, smoked is 50%
Ketamine's bioavailability following an intramuscular dose is 93%, intranasal dose 25-50%, IV dose 96% and oral dose 20±7%. Ketamine is rapidly distributed into brain and other highly perfused tissues, and is 12% bound in plasma. The plasma half-life is 2.3 ± 0.5 hours.
MDMA halflife of the "S" isomer has a shorter half life (about 4 hours), whereas the "R" isomer has a much greater half life. (about 14hours)Anti-depressantsTianeptine- Bioavailability 89 +/- 11%, Half life 2.5 hours
Trazodone-is 89 to 95% protein bound in vitro at concentrations attained with therapeutic doses.
Muscle relaxantsCarisoprodol(soma)-oral 65%, 60% protein binding, half-life 8 hours
Meprobromate-oral 60% protein binding, half-life is 10 hours
Baclofen-Protein binding 30% Half life 1.5 hours
Dantrolene- Oral ~70%
Sleep aidsZolpidem is absorbed readily from the gastrointestinal tract. First-pass hepatic metabolism results in an oral bioavailability of 67%, and 92% is bound in plasma
Zaleplon has an oral bioavailability of 30% and has a shorter half-life (1.1 hours) compared to zolpidem.
Diphenhydramine- Bioavailability 86%,Protein binding 98 to 99% Half life 1-4 hours
Eszopiclone (Lunesta)- Protein binding 52-59%, Half life 6 hours
Zopiclone- Bioavailability 52-59% bound to plasma protein, Half life ~6 hours, ~9 hours for over 65
BarbituatesHexobarbital- ~25% protein binding
Methohexital- I.V. ~100%, Rectal ~17%, half-life is 5.6 hours
Phenobarbital- ~95%, protein binding 20-45%, half-life is 53 to 118 hours
Primidone- oral >90%, protein binding ~70%, half-life of Primidone- 5-15 hours, active metabolite (Phenobarbital) half-life- 100 hours
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